BS 3841-1965 家用明火炉用人造固体燃料发烟的测量方法

上一篇: DIN 16911-1965 塑料-模塑材料.聚酯树脂-模塑材料.型号、要求、检验
下一篇: BS 3900 Pt.B2-1965 涂料的试验方法.第B2部分:挥发的及非挥发物的测定

【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheVirus-EliminatingEffectivenessofLiquidHygienicHandwashandHandrubAgentsUsingtheFingerpadsofAdultVolunteers
【原文标准名称】:利用成人自愿者试验液体卫生洗手剂的去除病毒有效性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1838-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E35.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cellculture;cytotoxicity;eluent;fingerpads;germicidalsoap;hygienichandwashing;infectioncontrol;influenzavirus;invivotesting;organicload;poliovirus;rhinovirus;rotavirus;skinflora;standardhardwater;virus;viruselution
【摘要】:Thisinvivoprocedureisdesignedtotesttheabilityofhygienichandwashagentstoreducelevelsofselectedinfectiousvirusesfromexperimentallycontaminatedfingerpadsofadultvolunteers.Sincethetwothumbpadsandalleightfingerpadscanbeusedinanygiventest,itallowsfortheincorporationofinputviruscontrol(two),amountofvirusremainingaftertheinoculumhasbeenallowedtodry(two),viruseliminatedaftertreatmentwithacontrolorreferencesolution(two),anduptofourreplicatestoassessthevirus-eliminatingefficiencyoftheproductundertest.Nomorethan100x03BC;Lofthevirussuspensionarerequiredtocompleteonetest.Theresultsoftestingwiththistestmethodmayformthebasisforconfirmatorytestsusingasuitablewhole-handtestprotocol.Thistestmethodisdesignedtobeperformedbyatrainedindividual,whoisresponsibleforchoosingtheappropriatehostsystemforthetestvirusandapplyingthetechniquesnecessaryforpropagationandmaintenanceofhostandtestvirus.Forareferencetext,refertoSchmidtandEmmons(7).Whereas,thistestmethodrelatestotestingwithvirusesofhumanorigin,itcanbereadilyadaptedtoworkwithbacteria,fungi,protozoaandbacteriophages.Infectiousmicroorganismsleftonhandsafterwashingcanbereducedfurtherbydryingthewashedhandswithpaper,cloth,orwarmair(8).Astepforthedryingoffingerpadsafterexposuretothecontrolortestsolution,therefore,hasnotbeenincludedtoavoidvirusremovalbythedryingprocessitself.Thistestmethodisnotmeantforusewithsurgicalhandscrubsorpreoperativeskinpreps.Theamountofvirusoneachfingerpadafterthedryingoftheinoculumshouldnotbelessthan104infectiousunitsthatwouldpermitthedetectionofuptoa4log10reductionintheinfectivitytiterofthevirusbyagivenproductundertheconditionsofthistestmethod.1.1Humanskindoesnotcarryvirusesasapartofitsresidentflora.Handstransientlycontaminatedwithviruses,however,canactasvehiclesforthespreadofmanytypesofviralinfections.Hygienichandwashingismeanttoreducetheloadofvirusesandothertransientmicroorganismsonhands,therebyreducingtheriskofdiseasetransmission.Suchreductioninthevirusloadmaybeduetoacombinationofvirusinactivationandremovalofinfectiousvirusfromtheskin.1.2Standardtestmethodstoassessthecapacityofhygienichandwashandhandrubagentstoreduceviruslevelsonhandsarenotpresentlyavailable.Thistestmethod,therefore,hasbeendesignedtodeterminethecomparativevirus-eliminatingeffectivenessofgermicidalornon-germicidalformulations.Thistestmethodisnotmeantforusewithsurgicalhandscrubsorpreoperativeskinpreps.Note18212;Thetestmethodshouldbeperformedbypersonswithtraininginvirologyinfacilitiesdesignedandequippedforworkwithinfectiousagentsatbiosafetylevel2(5).1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G73
【国际标准分类号】:11_080_01
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Safetyofmachinery-Permanentmeansofaccesstomachinery-Part3:stairs,stepladdersandguard-rails.
【原文标准名称】:机械安全.接近机械的固定方式.第3部分:楼梯、活梯和护栏
【标准号】:NFE85-003-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2007-12-01
【实施或试行日期】:2007-12-28
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:通路;检修孔;通道;可及性;定义;电气安全;设备安全;检查(质量保证);防护装置;工业设施;工业机械;工业设备;工业;机械单元;机器;机械工程;职业安全;设备;扶手;安全;安全工程;安全要求;规范(验收);楼梯扶手;阶梯式梯子;楼梯;固定的;梯子;工作场所安全
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C66
【国际标准分类号】:13_110
【页数】:26P;A4
【正文语种】:其他